Shanghai Pudong International Airport (IATA: PVG, ICAO: ZSPD) is one of two international airports of Shanghai and a major aviation hub of China. Pudong Airport mainly serves international flights, while the city's other major airport Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport mainly serves domestic and regional flights. Located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the city center, Pudong Airport occupies a 40-square-kilometre (10,000-acre) site adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong. The airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority (Chinese: ??????????, SSE: 600009).
The airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, and a major international hub for Air China, as well as secondary hub of China Southern Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines, and an Asia-Pacific cargo hub for UPS and DHL. The DHL hub, opened in July 2012, is said to be the biggest express hub in Asia.
Pudong Airport has two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by four parallel runways. A third passenger terminal has been planned since 2015, in addition to a satellite terminal and two additional runways, raising its annual capacity from 60 million passengers to 80 million, along with the ability to handle six million tonnes of freight.
Pudong Airport is a fast-growing hub for both passenger and cargo traffic. With 3,440,279.7 metric tonnes handled in 2016, the airport is the world's third-busiest airport by cargo traffic. Pudong Airport also served a total of 66,002,414 passengers in 2016, making it the second-busiest airport in China, fifth-busiest in Asia and the ninth-busiest in the world. By the end of 2016, Pudong Airport hosted 104 airlines serving more than 210 destinations.
Shanghai Pudong is the busiest international hub of China, about half of its total passenger traffic is international. Pudong Airport is connected to Shanghai Metro Line 2 and the Shanghai Maglev Train via Pudong International Airport Station, and the Shanghai Airport Intercity Railway via Shanghai Pudong Railway Station.
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History
Early development
Prior to the establishment of Pudong International Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport was the primary airport of Shanghai. During the 1990s, the expansion of Hongqiao Airport to meet growing demand became impossible as the surrounding urban area was developing significantly, and an alternative to assume all international flights had to be sought.
After deliberation, the municipal government decided to adopt the suggestion from Professor Chen Jiyu of East China Normal University, who wrote a letter to the Mayor of Shanghai Xu Kuangdi suggesting that the new airport should be constructed on the tidal flats of the south bank of the Yangtze River estuary, on the coast of the Pudong development zone to the east of Shanghai.
Construction of the first phase of the new Shanghai Pudong International Airport began in October 1997, took two years to build at a cost of RMB 12 billion (1.67 billion USD), and was opened on October 1, 1999 It covers an area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) and is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from downtown Shanghai. The first phase of the airport has one 4E category runway (4000 m x 60 m) along with two parallel taxiways, an 800,000-square-metre (8,600,000 sq ft) apron, seventy-six aircraft positions and a 50,000 m2 (540,000 sq ft) cargo warehouse.
A second runway was opened on March 17, 2005, and construction of phase two (including a second terminal, a third runway and a cargo terminal) began in December 2005 and started operation on March 26, 2008, in time for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.
Ongoing expansion
In November 2011, Pudong Airport received approval from the national government for a new round of expansion which includes two runways. The 3,800-metre fourth runway, along with an auxiliary taxiway and traffic control facilities, is projected to cost 2.58 billion yuan (USD 403 million). The 3,400-metre fifth runway, along with a new traffic tower, will cost 4.65 billion yuan (USD 726.6 million). Construction was completed in 2015 and has doubled the capacity of the airport.
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Composition
The airport has 70 boarding bridges along with 218 parking positions. Four runways are in operation: one 4,000-metre (13,000 ft) runway with 4E rating (capable of accommodating aircraft up to Boeing 747-400) and six taxiways, two 3,800-metre (12,500 ft) runways with 4F rating (capable of accommodating aircraft up to Airbus A380, Boeing 747-8, and Antonov An-225) and four taxiways each, and one 3,400-metre (11,200 ft) runway with 4F rating and six taxiways.
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 was opened on October 1, 1999 along with a 4000-metre runway and including a cargo hub. It was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport's traffic. The exterior of Terminal 1 is shaped like a seagull, and has 28 gates, 13 of which are double decker gates. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers. It currently has 204 check-in counters, thirteen luggage conveying belts and covers an area of 280,000 square metres.
Terminal 2
Terminal 2, opened on March 26, 2008, along with the third runway, gives a capacity of 60 million passengers and 4.2 million tonnes of cargo annually. Terminal 2 is shaped like Terminal 1, although it more closely resembles a wave, and is slightly larger than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 also has more levels than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 is primarily used by Air China and other Star Alliance members.
Satellite Concourses
An additional satellite concourse facility to provide further gates and terminal space started construction on December 29, 2015 and is expected to be completed in 2019. This project will support 38 million passengers annually through 83 departure gates across two S1 and S2 concourses. These will be connected by an underground automated people mover to the current T1 and T2 terminals.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Ground transportation
Highway
- North: S1 Yingbin Expressway and Huaxia Elevated Road
- South: Shanghai-Jiaxing-Huzhou Expressway and G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway
Rail
Shanghai Pudong International Airport will be connected by two railway lines, the Shanghai Airport Intercity Railway a high-speed railway line that will connect the airport with Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station via Shanghai Pudong Railway Station. The freight-only Shanghai Airport Railway will connect Shanghai East Railway Station a classification yard located adjacent to Pudong Airport's cargo terminal with Luchaogang Railway Station.
Maglev train
Starting service on January 29, 2004 as the first commercial high-speed maglev railway in the world, Shanghai Maglev Train links Pudong International Airport with Longyang Road Metro Station, where transfer to Line 2, Line 7, and Line 16 is possible. The 30 km ride from Longyang Road Metro station to Pudong International Airport typically takes less than eight minutes, with the maximum speed reaching 431 km/h. Trains operate every 15 minutes; therefore passengers can expect to arrive in less than 25 minutes, waiting time included.
All cars are equipped with racks and space designated for luggage.
Shanghai Metro Line 2
Shanghai Metro Line 2 also provides service between Pudong International Airport and Longyang Road, Lujiazui, People's Square, and Hongqiao International Airport, Shanghai's primary domestic airport as well as Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station. Line 2 is part of the Shanghai Metro system; therefore unlike the Maglev, free in-system transfer to other lines are possible.
Prices are substantially lower than the Maglev. A casual ride to People's Square, the city center, typically takes just over one hour. It is wise to allow more than five hours for a safe flight transfer at Hongqiao International Airport using public transportation.
It should further be noted that Line 2 operates in two sections: trains from Pudong International Airport terminate at Guanglan Road, where passengers wishing to travel on change trains across the platform. In addition, not all trains go to Hongqiao International Airport.
Airport buses
Eight airport bus lines serve the airport, providing rapid links to various destinations.
- Airport Bus Route 1: To Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station via Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport
- Airport Bus Route 2: To Jing'an Temple (City Terminal Hub)
- Airport Bus Route 4: To Hongkou Stadium Hub (Huayuan Road), via Deping Road at Pudong Avenue, Wujiaochang and Dabaishu
- Airport Bus Route 5: To Shanghai Railway Station, via Longyang Road Metro Station, Century Avenue at South Pudong Road (Lujiazui) and East Yan'an Road at Middle Zhejiang Road (People's Square)
- Airport Bus Route 7: To Shanghai South Railway Station, via West Huaxia Road at Shangnan Road and East Huaxia Road at Chuansha Road (Chuansha)
- Airport Bus Route 8: To Nanhui Coach & Bus Station
- Airport Bus Route 9: To Xinzhuang Metro Station
- Airport Bus Ring Route 1: To Hangchengyuan (Shiwan), via stops in Airport Workplace
Accidents and incidents
- On November 28, 2009, Avient Aviation Flight 324, an Avient Aviation McDonnell Douglas MD-11F cargo plane registered to Zimbabwe (registration: Z-BAV) departing for Kyrgyzstan crashed into a warehouse near the runway of the airport due to a tailstrike that caught fire during takeoff and broke into several pieces with seven people on board. Three people died and four were injured.
- In the afternoon of June 12, 2016, at the C check-in area of Terminal 2 of the airport, a man used a homemade firecracker to create an explosion. Four people were injured. The police identified the suspect as a 29-year-old man from Guizhou Province named Zhou Xingbai (???).
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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